Thyroid ultrasound is an imaging exam that shows the shape and structure of the gland and detects nodules, cysts, or inflammatory changes within it. Patients also refer to it as a thyroid sono exam. At Medirad in Bratislava, we perform it using a high-resolution linear probe for structures located just under the skin, where the thyroid gland is precisely situated.
What the doctor evaluates on the image
The doctor assesses the size and structure of both lobes and checks for any lesions. For a nodule, they examine its size, borders, internal structure, and blood flow. These are the key indicators that determine the next steps in management. They also describe inflammatory tissue changes and nearby cervical lymph nodes.
What ultrasound does not show
Ultrasound visualizes the gland’s structure, not its function. Whether it is underactive or overactive is determined by hormone blood tests. Therefore, these two examinations complement each other, and an endocrinologist evaluates them together.
Even with a nodule, ultrasound cannot definitively identify the tissue type composing it. It describes features that help decide whether monitoring is sufficient or if targeted fine-needle aspiration biopsy is needed to characterize the lesion.
When soft tissue neck ultrasound is appropriate
This exam is specifically focused on the thyroid gland. If other soft tissues of the neck, salivary glands, and regional lymph nodes also need assessment, a separate examination is required. Your referring physician will determine which of these you need.