Abdominal ultrasound

Abdominal ultrasound is an imaging examination of the organs in the abdominal cavity. During the procedure, the physician evaluates the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, aorta, and pelvis. Patients often refer to it as an “abdominal sonogram.” At Medirad in Bratislava, we use a convex probe, which provides a wider field of view and allows visualization of deeper organs.

Why fasting is required

Sound waves cannot pass through gas; they reflect off it before reaching the organs. Gas-filled intestines therefore obstruct the physician’s view, particularly of the pancreas and the area behind it.

Fasting has another reason. Between meals, the gallbladder fills with bile and expands, allowing stones and wall changes to be detected. After eating, it contracts and cannot be properly assessed.

What affects image quality

In addition to intestinal gas, a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat can degrade the image, as sound waves pass through it less easily. In some patients, certain areas, especially the pancreas, can only be partially visualized. The physician will note this in the report.

What follows the ultrasound

Abdominal ultrasound is the first-line examination. It reveals whether there is an issue and where to look for it. If a more precise assessment is needed, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may follow, as indicated by the physician based on the ultrasound findings.